STEM CELLSfocuses primarily on the functional and mechanistic aspects of stem cell biology and the potential of different types of stem cells for therapeutic applications. The journal publishes key, well-controlled advances in stem cell clinical trials and mechanism-based manuscripts with definitive conclusions. Transplantation of PSC-Derived PhotorecptersIn the present study, the authors have advanced the field by assessing the full range of light responses that develop following transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cone photoreceptors in a mouse model of advanced photoreceptor dystrophy. MSC-Mediated Immune Regulation in T2DM TherapyThis review reports on the plasticity and underlying mechanisms of MSC-mediated immune modulation and further uncovers the therapeutic potential of MSCs for T2DM.MSCs Regulate ILC3s Via ICOS-ICOSL Activated TregsThe present study demonstrated for the first time that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) are able to inhibit ILC2 functions via the assistance of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Reducing Genetic Instability in Human iPSCThe authors report that synthetic mRNA transfection of CYCLIN D1 repairs DNA during reprogramming, resulting in significantly improved genetically stable footprint in human iPSC, enabling more accurate and reliable generation of human iPSC for disease modeling and future clinical applications. PKCβ-Dependent Metabolic Changes on BMSCHere, the authors can show for the first time a link between stromal metabolism and PKCβ expression in BMSC after contact to primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Open accessThree dimensional migration of human amniotic fluid stem cells involves mesenchymal and amoeboid modes and is regulated by mTORC1Margit Rosner, Markus Hengstschläger, First Published:  31 July 2021 Abstract This study on human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) provides the first demonstration that human stem cells exhibit mTORC1-dependent invasive capacity and can concurrently make use of mesenchymal and amoeboid 3D cell migration modes. These results represent an important step toward the full biological characterization of fetal human stem cells with relevance to developmental research and stem cell-based therapy.AbstractFull textPDFReferencesRequest permissionsDownregulation of augmenter of liver regeneration impairs the therapeutic efficacy of liver epithelial progenitor cells against acute liver injury by enhancing mitochondrial fissionYuan Dong, Weining Kong, Wei An, First Published:  26 July 2021 Abstract Knockdown of augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) in liver epithelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) impaired cell survival and resulted in excessive mitochondrial fission partially by activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation at S616. Overexpression of ALR in LEPCs significantly inhibited Drp1 phosphorylation, maintained the mitochondrial integrity and the preservation of adenosine triphosphate contents. Consequently, the ALR-bearing LEPCs transplanted into ALI mice exhibited substantially greater homing ability to the injured liver through SDF-1/CXCR4 axis than that of LEPCs-lacking ALR.AbstractPDFOpen accessProstacyclin is an endosteal bone marrow niche component and its clinical analog iloprost protects hematopoietic stem cell potential during stressJoshua Tay, Valerie Barbier, Falak M. Helwani, Gareth R. Price, Jean-Pierre Levesque, Ingrid G. Winkler, First Published:  14 July 2021 Abstract Prostacyclin/prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is a novel hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulatory factor enriched at the endosteum, synthesized by its synthase PTGIS expressed mainly on osteoblasts (OB), followed by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and endothelial cells (EC). Ex vivo and in vivo treatment with PGI2 analogues enhance HSC long-term competitive repopulation potential and protect reconstituting HSC from stress.AbstractFull textPDFReferencesRequest permissionsfree accessStem cell homing: From physiology to therapeuticsJane L. Liesveld, Naman Sharma, Omar S. Aljitawi, STEM CELLSPages: 1241-1253First Published:  11 June 2020 Abstract Steps in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homing and egress to and from marrow. Homing (left hand panel) occurs in the marrow sinusoidal endothelium. (1) Selectin-mediated braking or rolling occurs. Selectins involved include P-selectin which interacts with CD162 and SLex, and E-selectin which recognizes CD15, SLex, and CD162 on stem cells. (2) HSCs migrate on adhesion ligands presented by the vascular endothelium, so-called tethering. This involves CD49d-f, CD11b, and CD11c on the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and CD106/fibronectin, laminin, and ICAM-1 on endothelium as well as numerous other adhesion receptors and their ligands. (3) Changes in integrin conformation facilitate tight adhesion to the endothelial cell. (4) The stem cell then migrates through the endothelial cell cytoplasm or paracellularly. The cell will then migrate through matrix to reach the lodging destination. This is facilitated by CXCL12, c-kit ligand, cathepsins, and matrix metalloproteinases. Egress (right hand panel) involves: (1) Matrix transmigration in response to chemokine and growth factor effects. Matrix components involved include collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, and tenascin; among others. (2) Trans-endothelial migration, and (3) Cell release with disruption of receptor/ligand interactions such as those between between CXCL12 and CXCR4 or CD49d and CD106 (VCAM-1). 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